南锣鼓巷是北京最古老的街区之一，说它古老是因为它和元大都（1267年）同时期建成，是我国唯一完整保存着元代胡同院落肌理、规模最大、品级最高、资源最丰富的棋盘式传统民居区。 元大都规划设计时延续了唐朝里坊制，全城分50坊，坊与坊之间是宽阔平直的街巷，犹如棋盘。同时也遵循着“左祖右社，前朝后市”的城市格局。南锣鼓巷是紧靠元皇城“后市”的组成部分。 元朝以南锣鼓巷为轴线，东西两侧分属昭回坊和靖恭坊。不同朝代的里坊有不同的划分，但南锣鼓巷地区还极为完整地保存着元大都里坊的历史遗存，胡同格局完整，胡同里各种形制的府邸、宅院多姿多彩，每一条胡同都有丰厚的文化积淀，每一个宅院里都诉说着老故事，就如同老北京在聊着老街坊。 “南锣鼓巷”其实和“锣鼓”没什么关系，是因这条南北走向的胡同中间高，两头低，犹如一个驼背的罗锅，所以叫做“锣锅巷”。乾隆十五年（1750年）绘制的《京城全图》改称南锣鼓巷。在南锣鼓巷中段有一个“水准点”石碑，此碑为民国初立，为北京内城最高点。 南锣鼓巷南北走向，北起鼓楼东大街，南止地安门东大街，全长不足800米。东西各有8条胡同整齐排列，呈“鱼骨状”，又如同一条“蜈蚣”。因此南锣鼓巷也称为“蜈蚣巷”。胡同在元朝时没有名称，名称是明朝以后逐渐演变来的。
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